Aim

The primary aim of Medical & Health Science Reviews and Letters is to advance and disseminate reliable scientific knowledge across medical and health sciences through rigorous peer review, interdisciplinary scholarship, and open-access publication. The journal seeks to bridge basic biomedical research, clinical investigation, healthcare delivery, and public health practice while encouraging innovation, research integrity, and evidence-based decision-making.

Scope

The journal welcomes original and review-based contributions in the following areas, including but not limited to:

1. Clinical and General Medicine

• Internal medicine and general medical practice
• Cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, and hepatology
• Endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolic disorders
• Nephrology, urology, and renal medicine
• Dermatology, rheumatology, and clinical immunology
• Geriatric medicine and multidisciplinary patient care

2. Medical and Biomedical Sciences

• Human anatomy, physiology, and pathology
• Biochemistry, molecular biology, and cellular medicine
• Genetics, genomics, and precision medicine
• Immunology, microbiology, and infectious diseases
• Pharmacology, toxicology, and drug discovery
• Translational research and experimental medicine

3. Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders

• Clinical and experimental neuroscience
• Neurology and neurodegenerative diseases
• Neurobiology, neuroimmunology, and neuropharmacology
• Stroke, epilepsy, and neuromuscular disorders
• Neurorehabilitation and cognitive health
• Brain health, ageing, and neurological diagnostics

4. Surgery and Medical Specialties

• General and minimally invasive surgery
• Orthopaedics, traumatology, and sports medicine
• Anaesthesiology, pain medicine, and critical care
• Obstetrics, gynaecology, and reproductive health
• Paediatrics, neonatology, and adolescent health
• Ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and oral health

5. Public Health and Preventive Medicine

• Epidemiology and disease surveillance
• Communicable and non-communicable diseases
• Preventive medicine and health promotion
• Environmental and occupational health
• Nutrition, lifestyle, and community health
• Global health, health equity, and healthcare access

6. Nursing and Allied Health Sciences

• Nursing practice, education, and research
• Physiotherapy and rehabilitation sciences
• Medical laboratory and diagnostic sciences
• Radiology, medical imaging, and diagnostic technologies
• Speech and language therapy
• Occupational therapy and multidisciplinary care

7. Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

• Clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care
• Drug development, formulation, and delivery
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacovigilance and medication safety
• Therapeutics, antimicrobial resistance, and rational drug use
• Pharmaceutical biotechnology and personalised therapeutics

8. Mental Health and Behavioural Sciences

• Psychiatry and clinical psychology
• Mental health promotion and prevention
• Neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorders
• Stress, sleep, and psychosomatic health
• Addiction medicine and behavioural interventions
• Psychological well-being and quality of life

9. Digital Health and Medical Technology

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare
• Telemedicine and digital health platforms
• Medical informatics and clinical decision-support systems
• Wearable devices, biosensors, and remote monitoring
• Medical robotics and assistive technologies
• Health data analytics, interoperability, and digital patient records

10. Medical Education and Healthcare Management

• Innovations in medical and health professions education
• Simulation-based learning and clinical training
• Evidence-based medicine and clinical guidelines
• Healthcare administration and hospital management
• Patient safety, quality assurance, and clinical governance
• Health economics, policy, and healthcare systems research

11. Integrative, Complementary, and Traditional Medicine

• Scientific evaluation of traditional medical systems
• Ayurveda, Yoga, and other complementary health practices
• Homoeopathy and other traditional or complementary interventions
• Integrative approaches to health promotion and supportive care
• Herbal medicines, natural products, and their safety
• Evidence appraisal, clinical outcomes, and comparative effectiveness

Submissions in these areas must meet appropriate standards of scientific validity, ethical oversight, transparent methodology, and balanced interpretation of evidence. Claims concerning therapeutic efficacy should be supported by suitable research evidence, and complementary or traditional interventions should not be presented as established treatments without adequate supporting data.

12. Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Health

• Clinical nutrition and nutritional epidemiology
• Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
• Micronutrients and human health
• Physical activity, exercise physiology, and lifestyle medicine
• Diet-related disorders and nutritional interventions
• Healthy ageing and disease prevention

13. Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance

• Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
• Bacteriology, virology, parasitology, and mycology
• Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship
• Vaccines, immunisation, and preventive strategies
• Infection prevention and control
• One Health approaches to infectious disease research

14. Oncology and Cancer Research

• Cancer biology and molecular oncology
• Cancer prevention, screening, and early diagnosis
• Medical, surgical, and radiation oncology
• Immunotherapy and targeted therapies
• Supportive care, survivorship, and palliative medicine
• Cancer epidemiology and patient-centred outcomes

15. Reproductive, Maternal, and Child Health

• Maternal health and pregnancy outcomes
• Fertility, reproductive medicine, and sexual health
• Foetal and neonatal medicine
• Paediatric diseases and developmental health
• Maternal and child nutrition
• Public health interventions for women and children

16. Environmental, Occupational, and Planetary Health

• Environmental pollution and human health
• Occupational hazards and workplace health
• Climate change and health outcomes
• Water, sanitation, and hygiene
• Environmental epidemiology and exposure assessment
• Sustainable healthcare and planetary health

17. Research Methodology, Medical Statistics, and Evidence Synthesis

• Clinical trial design and implementation
• Biostatistics and medical data analysis
• Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
• Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic research
• Real-world evidence and observational studies
• Research reproducibility, reporting standards, and research ethics

18. Emerging Frontiers in Health Sciences

• Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
• Stem-cell research and cellular therapies
• Nanomedicine and biomedical materials
• Biomarkers and advanced diagnostic methods
• Personalised, precision, and predictive medicine
• Interdisciplinary innovations addressing unmet medical needs

Types of Contributions

The journal considers the following manuscript categories:

• Original research articles
• Narrative, systematic, and scoping reviews
• Meta-analyses
• Short communications and research letters
• Clinical case reports and case series
• Clinical and scientific perspectives
• Methodological and technical papers
• Evidence-based commentaries and scholarly correspondence

Editorial and Publication Principles

All submissions are subject to editorial assessment and appropriate peer review. The journal expects originality, methodological rigour, accurate reporting, appropriate statistical analysis, disclosure of conflicts of interest and funding, and compliance with relevant research ethics requirements.

Clinical research involving human participants must have appropriate ethics committee approval or a documented explanation of any applicable exemption, together with informed consent where required. Research involving animals must comply with applicable ethical standards and institutional requirements. Reviews and meta-analyses should follow recognised reporting guidance where appropriate.

The journal prioritises scientific merit, relevance to medical and health sciences, clarity of presentation, and potential contribution to knowledge or practice. Acceptance is based on editorial evaluation and peer-review outcomes rather than the subject area or the conclusions reported.

Professor M. A. PASHA (Retd.,)
Editor-in-Chief (Incharge)
Bangalore University
Bengaluru, INDIA
E-mail: chief.editoresra@gmail.com

Professor AMER A. TAQA
Department of Dental Basic Science 
College of Dentistry
Mosul University
Iraq Education
Email: amertaqa@hotmail.com

Professor Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah, 
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 
Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef,
Egypt.
Email: abdallahsaber49@gmail.com

Dr. Farzana Khan Perveen
Founder Chairperson & Associate Professor 
Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University,
Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
E-mail: farzana_san@hotmail.com

Professor Gannu Praveen Kumar
Professor and Principal in Sahasra Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Mulugu Road, Warangal
Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
E-mail: ghalo2010@gmail.com

Dr. (Mrs) Padmini H.Sharma
Radhe Heights, Building No.-A                                                                                        

Flat No.-104 ,Sector No.-29, Ravet
Near  Dr.D.Y.Patil College, Pradhikaran                                                                          

Pune-412 101, INDIA                                                        
E-mail: pharmabrain20@yahoo.co.in

Mohammed Rageeb Mohammed Usman

Assistant Professor in Pharmacognosy,

Smt. Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil College of Pharmacy,

Chopda, Jalgaon,

Maharashtra,

INDIA

E-mail: rageebshaikh@gmail.com

Note: 1. Editor/s-in-Chief, Associate Editors, Assistant Editors, Editorial board members, Reviewers and other Members do not receive any honorarium or remuneration. These are nominated positions and are voluntarily accepted by the individual academicians.

         2. If a Researcher/Scientist/Academician working in this field is voluntarily agreeing to be an Editor or a member of the Editorial Board, kindly submit your Resume/CV to chief.editoresra@gmail.com  [mention the email subject: Interested  to serve as an Editor/Editorial Board Member].

Use Microsoft Word Software and Times New Roman Letters for preparing the manuscript with double spacing (Use 14 Font size letters for the Title and 12 Font size letters for the rest of the manuscript).

The authors should ensure that, the manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked' before submission.

Authors can use the following check list to prepare their manuscripts before submission to the Journal for the Peer Review process.

Title of the Article/Project Report/Case Report: Title should be concise and meaningful.

Complete Name/s of the Author/s:

One author should be designated as the corresponding author and his/her contact details have to be provided:
E-mail address:

Fax details:

Phone number/s:
Full postal address:

Provide the Address of all the authors, if from different institutions/countries.

Abstract/Graphical Abstract: A brief outlay of the work presented in the manuscript should reflect here.

Key words: (Maximum 6 Key words)

1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion

There can be sub-divisions such as 2.1, 2.2 …. 2.1.1, 2.1.2…. under Results and Discussion.

References should be cited using the superscript format (^{1, 2-4, 5,6, 7-11})

The Figures and Schemes should include relevant captions.
The Table/s should include title/s, description, literature citation (if any) and footnote/s.
 

     3. Experimental (for subjects where experiments are involved, including Science and Engineering subjects)

     4. Conclusions

     5. Acknowledgement/s

     6. Financial Assistance:  Financial assistance from the funding agencies to be mentioned here; if there is no  funding involved, it should be mentioned clearly as ‘this work is not funded by any funding agencies’.

     7. Conflict of Interest: Declarations/disclose of the conflict of interest has to be made by the authors.
 

     8. References

Format:

Reference to a Journal publication:
[1]. S. Al-B. Abdullah, S. S. Tamer, M. Z. Ehab. Ultrason. Sonochem., 2013, 20, 1194–1202.

Reference to Article by DOI:

[2]. M. K. Slifka, J. L. Whitton. Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J. Mol. Med., 2000, doi:10.1007/s001090000086.

Reference to a Book:
[3] J. L. Luche, T. J. Mason. Sonochemistry, experiment to theoretical considerations: Advances in Sonochemistry, ed., JAI Press, London, 1993.

Reference to a chapter in an Edited Book:
[4] B. Brown, M. Aaron. The politics of nature. In: J. Smith (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3^rd  Edn. Wiley, New York, 2001, pp 230−257.
 

Reference to a website:
[5] J. Bean. How the Internet has Changed (and created new) Holiday Rituals. Available at: http://www.techerator.com/2010/11/how -the-internet-has-changed-and-created-newholiday-rituals/, 2010. [Accessed 12 October 2013].

Supplementary Data should be provided along with the manuscript.

Apart from this,

Names of Referees/Reviewers (any FIVE) and their complete contact details who are working in the same/similar field of Research should be provided in a separate file.

Authors should also provide (if any) the copies of the permission obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources including the Internet.

The authors should assure that, the work described in the article/Case Report/Project Report has not been published previously, except in the form of an abstract in a conference/symposium/seminar or as part of the academic thesis and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that its publication is approved by all the authors and by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form in English language or in any other language, including the electronic media.

If you find difficulty in submitting your manuscript through Login, you can directly submit it to submit@esrapublications.com OR chief.editoresra@gmail.com

Open-Access and Publication Processing Fee Policy

Open Access

All Open-Access Journals published by ESRA Publications Pvt. Ltd. provide free and unrestricted online access to their published articles. Readers can access, read, view, and download the full text of articles directly from the journal website without a subscription or pay-per-view fee.

ESRA Publications Pvt. Ltd. ensures that authors, university libraries, research institutions, and individual readers are not required to purchase a subscription or pay a pay-per-view fee to access or download Open-Access articles.

Accordingly, ESRA Publications does not generate revenue from the sale of electronic journal subscriptions or from pay-per-view access to individual articles.

Publication Processing Fee

Although access to the published articles is free for readers, online Open-Access publishing involves various operational and publication-related costs. These include:

• Maintenance of publishing infrastructure and online journal platforms
• Routine operation and management of journals
• Manuscript processing and editorial administration
• Peer-review and editorial processing
• Copyediting, formatting and preparation of manuscripts
• Online publication and website maintenance
• Indexing and metadata management
• Digital archiving and long-term preservation
• Maintenance of publication records and related services

To help meet these costs, ESRA Publications Pvt. Ltd. may charge a Publication Processing Fee (PPF), also commonly referred to as an Article Processing Charge (APC).

The PPF is payable only after a manuscript has been accepted for publication. The existence or amount of a PPF has no bearing on the editorial decision regarding acceptance or rejection of a manuscript.

No Submission or Registration Fee

There is:

• No manuscript submission fee
• No registration fee
• No page charge
• No subscription fee for readers
• No pay-per-view fee for accessing or downloading published Open-Access articles

Waiver and Financial Assistance

ESRA Publications recognizes that authors from low-income, lower-middle-income, and developing countries may face financial difficulties in meeting publication costs, particularly when institutional funding, research grants, or other financial support is unavailable.

Under appropriate circumstances, authors who are unable to pay the applicable PPF may request a full or partial waiver, discount, or financial assistance from the ESRA Publications Fund.

Such requests should normally be made at the appropriate stage of the publication process and will be considered on a case-by-case basis, subject to the applicable ESRA Publications policy.

Payment Information

Details regarding the applicable Publication Processing Fee and the available modes of payment will be communicated to the corresponding author after acceptance of the manuscript and before publication.

Payment of a PPF is solely intended to support the costs associated with Open-Access publication and does not constitute a fee for peer review or a guarantee of acceptance.

Commitment to Open Access

ESRA Publications Pvt. Ltd. is committed to maintaining free and unrestricted online access to its Open-Access publications, enabling researchers, students, academic institutions, libraries, professionals, and the general public to read and download published scholarly work without subscription or pay-per-view barriers.

Publication Processing Fee